Work Of Fire Services After 9/11 - Free Essay Example

Even though 9/11 occurred almost two decades ago, the tragedy that occurred on that day still affects American citizens today. One particular way that lives have changed since 9/11, is through the changes that occurred in the fire service since that fateful day. As some of the first responders who were on the scene that day, it makes sense that these lives experienced some of the most traumatic effects. Many of them lost their lives trying to save others, and those who did not die now suffer serious health consequences as a result. As such, it only makes sense that the fire service would have experienced a great deal of change since September 11, 2001. This paper will explain many of the changes that have occurred, including Federal guidelines, as well as preparation and strategies, tools and equipment, and overall building construction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As soon as 9/11 occurred, the United States of America realized that it needed to make some drastic changes in order to prevent such a large-scale catastrophe from occurring ever again. In doing so, the Department of Homeland Security came up with two relevant Presidential Directives, numbers 5 and 8. Presidential Directive 5 created a comprehensive system for managing national incidents, specifically disasters such as terrorist attacks or natural disasters (Department of Homeland Security, Directive 5 1). By establishing this comprehensive system, all facets of the government are now able to work together in times of crisis in order to better serve people and save lives. This directive also discusses how state and federal governments should work together during these situations (Department of Homeland Security, Directive 5 2), as previously, miscommunications would occur and leave people scrambling to find a solution that works for everyone. To add to th is, in 2011, the Department of Homeland Security released the Presidential Policy Directive 8. While it has the same goals as Directive 5, it also incited change in various groups associated with disaster preparedness by having these groups create goals and strategies for these catastrophic events so the country as a whole could be more prepared in these events (Department of Homeland Security, Presidential Policy Directive par. 1). Furthermore, these Presidential Directives spurred additional changes that the fire service adopted from the National Incident Management System (NIMS; Christen). NIMS, as a result, allowed various groups of fire service agencies and other federal agencies to come together in times of crises, including large wildfires (Neamy par. 5). The Presidential Directives also helped to create the Fire Command, which allows multiple groups of firefighters to come together for daily, smaller-scale incidents (Brunacini par. 8).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While governmental regulations helped incite change within the fire service, it is also important to note some of the changes that were made on smaller levels, including basic preparedness and strategies that firefighters use in time of crisis. Overall, the strategies that resulted from 9/11 adhere to the Five Ps – Proper Preparation Prevents Poor Performance, which means Proper Preparation Prevents Poor Performance (Freeman par. 2). By sticking to this strategy, firefighters are better able to tackle large-scale fires and other disasters, which they do by going through a mental checklist of items that need to be addressed during a crisis, as well as by using textbook materials to better understand all of the conditions present during a fire (Freeman par. 5). Furthermore, post-9/11, fire service workers began to consider intelligence as a strategy to combat large-scale events, by considering experts in the field and the suggestions they had for mak ing improvements in the future (Weeks 15). By having a more comprehensive understanding fire safety, fire service workers were better able to account for various circumstances and therefore, less likely to be surprised during crises (Weeks 18). Another strategy that the fire service has enacted since 9/11 is the way they consider civilians. For instance, first responders tend to use their radio frequencies less often now, because someone might be listening and take advantage of the large influx of first responders on the scene to create more damage, at that location or another one (Mantell par. 11). Additionally, they have learned to read individuals as an attempt to discover whether suspicious-looking people are just odd or if they truly pose a threat to others (Mantell par. 12). Finally, fire service workers have employed drills and other types of practice to ensure that they will be fully prepared in the event that a crisis does occur, and in some instances, civilians are even en couraged to participate in these drills to ensure that they, too, are adequately prepared for large-scale disasters in the future (Rohmer 81).     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another drastic change that has occurred since 9/11 in regards to the fire service stems from the innovations they have made to the tools and equipment that they use on the job, as well overall staffing. Because FDNY suffered such great losses during 9/11, they depended on various donations from members of the country and beyond to help them rebuild their fleet to assist in future disasters (Vaccaro par. 3). However, these changes spread beyond New York, as other fire services made changes to their equipment as well. These changes were a result from the Department of Homeland Security increasing funding to fire services, which stemmed from their Presidential Directives to better assist the country in preparing for future disasters (Vaccaro par. 9). Additional funding was secured from FEMAs Assistance to Firefighters Grant (AFG), which allows for fire services all across the United States to purchase the gear they need to succeed during crisis situations ( FEMA, Assistance par. 1). Since 9/11, AFG has assisted various firefighting groups to buy equipment, gear, vehicles, as well as pay for additional necessary training that allows them to better do their jobs (FEMA, Assistance par. 1). Another program that provided necessary resources for fire service workers was the Staffing for Adequate Fire and Emergency Response Grants (SAFER), which provides financial assistance for fire departments to hire and train firefighters within their communities (FEMA, Staffing par. 1). This allows for these departments to have the numbers they need to better serve their communities and save more lives in the process (FEMA, Staffing par. 1). Finally, great improvements have been made in terms of the radio and wireless communications that fire service workers employ while on the job (Vaccaro par. 11). Even though this does not allow for all fire departments to communicate with one another, the technology of these devices alone have improved a great deal s ince 9/11, and fire service workers hope that additional improvements will be made in the future to better solve their communication needs (Vaccaro par. 11).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally, it is important to consider the changes that have been made in terms of building codes and construction since 9/11. Before 9/11 occurred, building codes were meant to reduce property damage and save lives during natural disasters, including floods, tornados and hurricanes, as well as fires and floods (Building Safety Codes par. 2). However, because 9/11 was a drastically different type of disaster, the building codes were not prepared to have the positive impacts that they were intended for, and as a result, many lives were lost as a result of these unforeseen circumstances (Building Safety Codes par. 2). After 9/11, the International Code Council met and created a list of necessary characteristics that buildings must possess in the future, in order to prevent such large-scale disasters that occurred during 9/11. Some of these changes include having elevators in buildings that are taller than 120 feet, which allows for firefighters to get to high er levels without having to carry their heavy equipment up flights of stairs (Building Safety Codes par. 6). Also, multiple stairways are required for buildings taller than 420 feet, or instead of that, the building can have an elevator that allows for people to evacuate during emergencies without waiting for first responders (Building Safety Codes par. 6). Furthermore, buildings need to be more fire-resistant in order to prevent impacts or explosions as a result of the fire, and elevators and stairways must be impact-resistant as well (Building Safety Codes par. 6). Additionally, stairways must be self-lighting in the case of primary and secondary lighting failures, and exits need to be adequately marked in these situations (Building Safety Codes par. 6). Finally, there must be radio systems in place within buildings, in order for first responders to be able to communicate with people inside the building (Building Safety Codes par. 6).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, the fire service has experienced a great deal of change since 9/11 occurred. These changes include various federal regulations, including two Presidential Directives from the Department of Homeland Security, which then impacted fire services in terms of NIMS and Fire Command to better assist with disaster preparedness. Additional changes include strategies and preparations that fire services utilize, such as implementing drills and other forms of practice to prepare for disasters, as well as having a better understanding of the roles that civilians play in these situations. Furthermore, the fire service has implemented changes have improved their technology and staffing needs since 9/11, most of which have been funded by federal grants. Finally, building construction and codes have changed post-9/11, which has allowed for greater instances of fire prevention and safety. Overall, because of 9/11, many changes were made to better improve the lives of fire service workers and the communities they serve, so as to prevent another terrible event such as 9/11 from happening again.

Essay on Imperialism Shooting an Elephant - 635 Words

In George Orwells â€Å"Shooting an Elephant,† deals with the evil side of imperialism. The shooting of the elephant in Orwells story is the central focus from which Orwell builds his argument through the two dominant characters, the elephant and the British officer. The British officer, acts as a symbol of the imperial country and the elephant is the victim of imperialism. Together, the solider and the elephant turns this into an attack on the evils of imperialism. The shooting of the elephant shows the different aspects of imperialism. The elephant and the British officer help to show the real nature of imperialism. The shooting of the elephant is the incident that reveals that imperialism inflicts damage on both parties in a†¦show more content†¦As stated before the Burmese people hated the British officer, but now they go to him to get rid of the elephant. They even help him to find the elephant. Imperialism also creates reliance on foreign country. The Burme se did not have any weapons so they relied upon the British for their things, â€Å"The Burmese population had no weapons and were quite helpless against it† (2). The killing of Dravidian coolie and the reaction of the public is also a side effect of Imperialism. It creates a class of people where one race is higher and better than the other race, â€Å"...an elephant was worth more than any damn Coringhee coolie† (6) When the officer went to kill the elephant, the entire population was following him. They did not care about the elephant, but with the officers help they will get the meat. The Burmese people expects the British officer to do what they want but not what he wanted to do, â€Å"I had no intention of shooting the elephant-I had merely sent for the rifle to defend myself if necessary...† (3). Now the British Officer is being controlled by the Burmese people, â€Å"He becomes a sort of hollow, posing dummy, the conventionalized figure of a sahibà ¢â‚¬  (4). Imperialism hurts both the parent country and the country that is being controlled. The dying of the elephant shows, even if a foreign country tries to do whatever it can to change a country, the country will do whatever to resist the change. If it does change it will beShow MoreRelatedThe Elephant as a Symbol for Imperialism in Shooting an Elephant†1188 Words   |  5 PagesIn â€Å"Shooting an Elephant,† Orwell retold an occasion where he was struggling to come to a final decision of whether to shoot the elephant or not. With his final decision, the elephant finally lay dying in front of thousands of people. He said that he was forced to shoot it because the Burmese people were expecting him to do that. In addition, he also explained that he had to do it â€Å"to avoid looking like a fool† in front of the crowd (14). At first glance, one would think that it makes sense for himRead MoreImperialism - an Irony - Shooting an Elephant1255 Words   |à ‚  6 PagesImperialism  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  an  irony. 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Select Three Poems And Compare Each Poets View On Love Essay Example For Students

Select Three Poems And Compare Each Poets View On Love Essay Love poetry is an expression of a poets real emotions. Its a way a expressing your emotions without actually talking to anyone. I believe that love is a feeling that is needed to be human, without it there would be emptiness, and loneliness in our hearts, and is the key to survival in life. Whilst some individuals may believe that love has nothing to do with us being engaged in a relationship with someone, but by their physical appearance. However that might partially true I think that also a common interest has to be shared. The definition for Love in the Oxford dictionary is, feeling a strong emotional, and sexual attraction to someone. It is a feeling that cannot be fully described in words, but by an invisible bond that connects that special someone to you. In this essay I will be explore the view of love from different poets. The three poems I will be comparing are, First Love by John Clare, Villegiature by Edith Nesbit, and A Woman to her Lover by Christina Walsh. I will compare each poets view on love by examining the subject, tone, imagery, form, and feelings used by the poets. At the beginning of First Love John Clare tells us his feelings of his unrequited experience at the sight of his first love. He tells us his feelings by making us imagine that the reader is him by using a happy tone. The poet describes the girl he loves as, love so sudden and so sweet to emphasise the perfection of her beauty. Every line makes me believe that the situation Johns in is very realistic, and it helps us understand his reaction towards love. Whereas in Vigillature Nesbit is expressing her feelings towards love as a more of disgust, and that love is something that is a waste of time. Also, what pretty things you said Nesbits explanation of love is that how when given the right mood, location or state of mind we can sometimes forget what we really think and feel. However in A Woman To Her Lover Christina Walsh if expressing her herself by saying that she is, no doll to dress and sit for feeble worship, meaning that she is not a trophy wife who is only there to be looked at, and not listened to. Her meaning o love is easily interpreted in the poem as she says to her lover that she wants to, live and work, to love and die together, but will not let herself fall in love unless her lover agrees to these conditions. Each poet is talking about different types of love from different viewpoints and experiences. In First Love John is talking about how it feels to be in love for the first time. However in Villegature, Edith Nesbits understanding of love is wasting time, and that there no point to it. However Christina Walsh does believe in love, yet wants more than just love she wants equality between her, and her lover, this is probably said, because of the time she was in, and how women were inferior to me, and were not at all treated fairly. This shows to me that love is complicated, and that each person has there own view of it. Clare is the only poet to have a different view of love, as he is confused about what he is feeling, so he uses rhetorical questions to question himself, and maybe love itself, Are flowers the winters choice? The use of these rhetorical questions really makes me understand the feelings of confusion that are going through John Clare. However Christinas view on love stays the same through out the poem, and leaves us in doubt that she was in a time of radical prejudices against women, Do you come to bend me to your will, and As conqueror to the vanquished show how Christina longs to be freed from the dominance held by the male in that time period. .u7d59c7fcc30ad94a3880ec706792a31a , .u7d59c7fcc30ad94a3880ec706792a31a .postImageUrl , .u7d59c7fcc30ad94a3880ec706792a31a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7d59c7fcc30ad94a3880ec706792a31a , .u7d59c7fcc30ad94a3880ec706792a31a:hover , .u7d59c7fcc30ad94a3880ec706792a31a:visited , .u7d59c7fcc30ad94a3880ec706792a31a:active { border:0!important; } .u7d59c7fcc30ad94a3880ec706792a31a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7d59c7fcc30ad94a3880ec706792a31a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7d59c7fcc30ad94a3880ec706792a31a:active , .u7d59c7fcc30ad94a3880ec706792a31a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7d59c7fcc30ad94a3880ec706792a31a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7d59c7fcc30ad94a3880ec706792a31a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7d59c7fcc30ad94a3880ec706792a31a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7d59c7fcc30ad94a3880ec706792a31a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7d59c7fcc30ad94a3880ec706792a31a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7d59c7fcc30ad94a3880ec706792a31a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7d59c7fcc30ad94a3880ec706792a31a .u7d59c7fcc30ad94a3880ec706792a31a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7d59c7fcc30ad94a3880ec706792a31a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Belonging represented in Peter EssayAlso the same goes for Villegature where although the story starts of as a typical romantic love poem with lots of classic, almost clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d, love poetry turns out to be a twist, when we are given the impression that the ghost is not quite the perfect love object that the poem leads us to believe. And also the last line, Remember how you always bore me! leaves us in no doubt that the ghost is a bore and the poet does not love him. The three poems each have a main image. First Love exposes John Clare as a novice when it comes to love at first sight as this beauty has such a great impact upon his whole being. However in Villegature, Edith Nesbit makes reference to a love story, And yet you found Romeos wayand kissed me. Shows that she likes the ghost a lot if given the right mood or place, yet it changes as she finds out that the ghost is, Deep in dull books, had hardly missed her. And in A Woman To Her Lover Christina Walsh contradicts the views held by men at that time of how women should act, To bear your children, wearing out my life In drudgery and silence shows that they do not have any privileges except to bear children, take care of the home, and they cant have any jobs except for a teaching. The language, and tones that have been set out in these poems also change as the poems progress. In First Love John Clare uses personification to give a human like characteristic to his heart, and stole my heart away. Also the repletion of the word love (love so sudden and so sweetand loves appeal to know) indicates sureness of emotion that he is in love. In all as the poets tone changes from happy to confusion, and is indicated by rhetorical questions, is loves bed always snow? and Are flowers the winters choice? including these language devices the poet has a simple poem so uses uncomplicated punctuation devices. And he form of the poem is in an abab rhyme scheme, which indicates restrictions or boundaries. In Villegature the language devices that are used are alliteration to emphasises the slowness and boring of love, Your solid self. Nesbit uses a metaphor, By the pear tree to my room, Your ghost last night climbed uninvited. The room is a metaphor for the womans mind and the ghost is a metaphor for her lover. The ryming scheme for this poem is again in abab, which again indicates restrictions. Also in A Woman To Her Love, military images such as, conqueror..bondslave are used to show the dominance role held by the male at that time. A wingless angel is a methapor which scorns for women all thmesleves to be dominated. And the repetiton of if that creates an aggressive tone. Along with the language devices the form is written in free verse, and hints no limits/boundries, and also each stanza gives different views of aspects of romance. In conclusion the poets I have discussed in this essay all talk about love in different viewpoints. Some of them give off positive, and negative views on love due to their experiences. This tells me that love can be really good or really bad, it also shows me that love is different for everyone, and that love does not have any favourites.